This book describes the various filtration processes using membranes such as microfiltration, ultrafiltration, nanofiltration, reverse osmosis. Basic fluid mechanics concepts are reviewed in order to permit to describe the flow inside filtration modules and their circuits. It provides methods for calculating permeate fluxes, pressure drops and shear rates, both in laminar and turbulent flows and to model flows in industrial systems. It reviews the main applications of membrane filtration in dairy and food industries, in medical and biotechnological applications and waste water treatment. It describes a technico-economic method for minimizing process costs. The last chapter describes the recent concept of dynamic filtration with rotating or vibrating membranes which is very efficient, together with available industrial modules.
Description
Contenu
- Introduction
- Principles and main parameters of filtration
- Classification of membranes processes
- Fluid Mechanics
- Poiseuille Flow
- Turbulent flow (Re >2600)
- Laws of tangential filtration
- Various types of membranes and modules
- Organic membranes (cellulosic and polymeric)
- Mineral membranes
- Various types of modules
- Modelisation of membrane circuits
- Conservation of volume and mass flow rates
- Single batch filtration circuit
- Diafiltration in single batch
- Batch with recirculation loop
- Continuous operation with loops in series and parallel modules
- Experimental tests on pilots
- Membranes cleaning
- Applications of membrane processes
- Cross flow filtration against the concurrence
- Applications to dairy industry
- Other applications to food industry
- Medical and biotechnological applications
- Process optimization by a technico-economic method
- High shear rate dynamic filtration
- Principle of dynamic filtration
- Industrial systems of dynamic filtration
- Systems with vibrating membranes
- Summary
- References