Chemical Thermodynamics

Description

This study guide deals with the application of thermodynamics to the description of the properties of materials. It covers the qualitative behavior of single and multicomponent mixtures, including vapor-liquid, liquid-liquid, and solid-liquid phase equilibria. It also explains the use of activity coefficient models and equations of state for the quantitative prediction of phase behavior and chemical reaction equilibria. The guide assumes a prior basic understanding of first and second laws of thermodynamics and multivariate calculus.

Content

1. Introduction
   1. Basic concepts
   2. Brief review of thermodynamics
   3. The fundamental equation of thermodynamics
   4. The calculus of thermodynamics
   5. Open systems
   6. Legendre transforms and free energies
2. Single component systems
   1. General phase behavior
   2. Conditions for phase equilibrium
   3. The Clapeyron equation
3. Multicomponent systems
   1. Thermodynamics of multicomponent systems
   2. Binary mixtures
   3. Ternary mixtures
4. The ideal solution model
   1. Definition of the ideal solution model
   2. Derivation of Raoult’s law
5. Partial molar properties
   1. Definition
   2. Relationship between total properties and partial molar properties
   3. Properties changes on mixing
   4. Graphical representation for binary systems
6. Nonideal solutions
   1. Deviations from Raoult’s law and the activity coefficient
   2. Modified Raoult’s law
   3. Empirical activity coefficient models
   4. The Gibbs-Duhem equation
   5. Azeotropic systems
7. Stability
   1. Introduction
   2. Liquid-liquid equilibrium
8. Solid-liquid equilibrium
   1. Introduction
   2. Phase behavior
   3. Conditions for equilibrium
9. Gas solubility and Henry’s law
   1. Henry’s law
   2. Activity coefficients
10. Equations of state
    1. The principle of corresponding states
    2. The van der Waals equation and cubic equations of state
    3. Equations of state for mixtures
11. Thermodynamics from equations of state
    1. The residual Helmholtz free energy
    2. Fugacity
    3. Vapor-liquid equilibrium with a non-ideal vapor phase
12. Chemical reaction equilibria
    1. Conditions for equilibrium
    2. The phase rule for chemically reacting systems
    3. Gas phase reactions
    4. The standard Gibbs free energy of formation
    5. The influence of temperature
    6. Liquid phase reactions