This study guide deals with the application of thermodynamics to the description of the properties of materials. It covers the qualitative behavior of single and multicomponent mixtures, including vapor-liquid, liquid-liquid, and solid-liquid phase equilibria. It also explains the use of activity coefficient models and equations of state for the quantitative prediction of phase behavior and chemical reaction equilibria. The guide assumes a prior basic understanding of first and second laws of thermodynamics and multivariate calculus.
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Contenido
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- Introduction
- Basic concepts
- Brief review of thermodynamics
- The fundamental equation of thermodynamics
- The calculus of thermodynamics
- Open systems
- Legendre transforms and free energies
- Single component systems
- General phase behavior
- Conditions for phase equilibrium
- The Clapeyron equation
- Multicomponent systems
- Thermodynamics of multicomponent systems
- Binary mixtures
- Ternary mixtures
- The ideal solution model
- Definition of the ideal solution model
- Derivation of Raoult’s law
- Partial molar properties
- Definition
- Relationship between total properties and partial molar properties
- Properties changes on mixing
- Graphical representation for binary systems
- Nonideal solutions
- Deviations from Raoult’s law and the activity coefficient
- Modified Raoult’s law
- Empirical activity coefficient models
- The Gibbs-Duhem equation
- Azeotropic systems
- Stability
- Introduction
- Liquid-liquid equilibrium
- Solid-liquid equilibrium
- Introduction
- Phase behavior
- Conditions for equilibrium
- Gas solubility and Henry’s law
- Henry’s law
- Activity coefficients
- Equations of state
- The principle of corresponding states
- The van der Waals equation and cubic equations of state
- Equations of state for mixtures
- Thermodynamics from equations of state
- The residual Helmholtz free energy
- Fugacity
- Vapor-liquid equilibrium with a non-ideal vapor phase
- Chemical reaction equilibria
- Conditions for equilibrium
- The phase rule for chemically reacting systems
- Gas phase reactions
- The standard Gibbs free energy of formation
- The influence of temperature
- Liquid phase reactions
This book explains hard concepts in a very clear way. Very good!